Reabsorción Condilar como Complicación Postoperatoria en Pacientes Sometidos a Cirugía Ortognática. Revisión Narrativa / Condylar Resorption as a Postoperative Complication in Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery. Narrative Review

RESUMEN: La reabsorción condilar como complicación postoperatoria en cirugía ortognática es una causa frecuente de recidiva de anomalías dentomaxilares, existiendo diversos factores que se relacionan con su aparición. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir mediante una revisión narrativa la reabsorción condilar como complicación postoperatoria en cirugía ortognática. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de la literatura en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, EBSCO, TripDatabase y Epistemonikos sin límite de años, en idioma inglés y español, incluyendo revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales. Se excluyeron reportes de casos, estudios en animales y aquellos que no relacionaran la complicación con cirugía ortognática. Se evaluaron los estudios según grado de recomendación y calidad de reporte. Veintiún artículos fueron seleccionados según los criterios de selección establecidos en esta revisión. La literatura reportada sugiere que la reabsorción condilar es una patología de frecuencia relativa en pacientes postoperados de cirugía ortognática (1,4-32 % de los casos) y que está asociada a factores de riesgo preoperatorios tales como género, edad, tipo de anomalía dentomaxilar y técnica quirúrgica utilizada. La reabsorción condilar es una complicación postoperatoria a cirugía ortognática que debemos considerar en la planificación del tratamiento e identificar pacientes con factores de riesgo. Luego de la intervención quirúrgica es de vital importancia realizar un seguimiento estricto a este tipo de pacientes e identificar de forma temprana cambios clínicos y radiográficos. Finalmente, es importante seguir investigando sobre esta materia para establecer criterios de prevención y diagnóstico, con mayor claridad.

ABSTRACT: Condylar resorption as a complication following orthognathic surgery is considered to cause dento-facial anomalies, relating to different pre and intra-operative factors. The aim of the research was to describe condylar resorption as a postoperative complication after orthognathic surgery. A review of the literature was made in four databases: PubMed, EBSCO, Trip database and Epistemonikos. The search was carried out without year limiting, articles in English and Spanish, including systematic reviews, observational studies and clinical trials. Exclusion criteria were applied for report cases, animal studies and articles that do not relate condylar resorption with orthognathic surgery. Quality of evidence and strength of the recommendations were assessed for the chosen studies. For this study 21 articles were selected following the inclusion criteria. The literature found reported that condylar resorption is a relatively frequent complication following orthognathic surgery (1.4-32 % of frequency) and that it can be associated with several factors such as genre, age, dento-maxillary anomaly and surgical technique. Condylar resorption is a complication that we must consider in the planning of orthognathic surgery, in order to identify risk factors and patients who are more likely to present this post-surgical complication. Following surgery, strict follow-up is a key factor to determine early clinical and radiographic changes. Finally, further research is needed to establish stronger prevention and diagnostic criteria.

Tratamento cirúrgico da limitação de abertura bucal causada por hiperplasia do processo coronoide: relato de caso / Surgical treatment for mouth opening limitation caused by coronoid process hyperplasia: case report

A hiperplasia do processo coronoide é uma condiçãoincomum de etiologia desconhecida que se apresentaclinicamente por meio da limitação de abertura bucal enão possui sintomatologia dolorosa durante a aberturae o fechamento bucal. Objetivo: relatar e discutir, pormeio de um caso cirúrgico, o tratamento da limitaçãode abertura bucal causada por hiperplasia bilateral doprocesso coronoide. Relato de caso: paciente do sexofeminino, com 11 anos de idade, foi encaminhada paraatendimento devido à dificuldade de mastigação emfunção da limitação de abertura bucal, sem históricode trauma em face ou na região articular. O exame tomográficoevidenciou o alongamento bilateral do processocoronoide, fazendo com que ele colidisse com oarco zigomático durante a abertura bucal e causasse otravamento. O tratamento proposto foi a coronoidectomiabilateral com acesso cirúrgico intraoral, obtendono pós-cirúrgico imediato um ganho na abertura bucal.Considerações finais: a coronoidectomia é uma abordagemcirúrgica de fácil acesso por via intraoral, poucotraumática e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com hiperplasiado processo coronoide. (AU)

The coronoid process hyperplasia is an unusual condition of unknown etiology that is presented clinically through mouth opening limitation, without painful symptoms during mouth opening and closure. Objective: to report and discuss, through a surgical case, the treatment of mouth opening limitation caused by bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia. Case report: female patient, 11 years old, referred due to chewing difficulty by mouth opening limitation. No history of trauma in the face or joint area. The tomographic examination showed the bilateral elongation of the coronoid process, causing it to collide with the zygomatic arch during mouth opening, which caused locking. The treatment proposed was bilateral coronoidectomy with intraoral surgical access, which enhanced mouth opening at the immediate postoperative period. Final considerations: coronoidectomy is a surgical approach with easy intraoral access, non-traumatic, and effective in the treatment of patients with coronoid process hyperplasia. (AU)

Assessment of spontaneous resolution of idiopathic bone cavity

Abstract Idiopathic Bone Cavity (IBC) or Simple Bone Cyst (SBC) is a non- epithelialized bone cavity with serosanguinous fluid content or empty. There is a literature debate regarding its pathogenesis that remains unclear. The main treatment option is the surgical exploration, although there are successful cases described in the literature in which just a follow-up with clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed. Objective This study aimed to assess the spontaneous resolution of idiopathic bone cavity untreated by surgery. Material and Methods Twenty-one patients diagnosed with surgically untreated IBC were submitted to a follow-up protocol modified from Damante, Guerra, and Ferreira5 (2002). A clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed in 13 patients (13/21), while eight patients (8/21) were only radiographically evaluated. Three observers evaluated the panoramic radiographs of 21 patients and the Kappa test was performed by intra and inter-examiners. Inductive and descriptive statistics were applied to the results. Results Only one patient had a positive response to palpation and percussion of the teeth in the cyst area. Most of the cysts evaluated were rated as 3 (lesion "in involution"), 4 (lesion "almost completely resolved"), or 5 ("completely resolved"). Conclusions We observed progressive spontaneous resolution of IBC. Most cysts were found in the recovery process in different follow-up periods. Patient's follow-up, without surgery, may be considered after the diagnosis based on epidemiological, clinical, and radiographic features of the lesion.

Electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in women with osteoporosis

The purpose of this study was to analyze the electromyographic (EMG) activity and the maximal molar bite force in women diagnosed with osteoporosis in the maxillary and mandibular regions, considering the habits and conditions that lead to development of generalized skeletal bone loss, including on face bones, can disturb the functional harmony of the stomatognathic system. Twenty-seven women with mandibular and maxillary osteoporosis and 27 healthy controls volunteered to participate in the study. A 5-channel electromyographer was used. Muscle activity was evaluated by means of EMG recordings of the masticatory musculature (masseter and temporalis muscles, bilaterally) during the following clinical conditions: rest (5 s); right and left lateral excursions (5 s); protrusion (5 s); maximal dental clenching on Parafilm™ (4 s) and maximal voluntary contraction (4 s). This latter clinical condition was used as the normalization factor of the sample data. It was observed that individuals with osteoporosis presented greater EMG activity when maintaining mandible posture conditions and less activity during dental clenching and when obtaining maximal molar bite force. It may be concluded that facial osteoporosis can interfere on the patterns of masticatory muscle activation and maximal bite force of the stomatognathic system.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a atividade eletromiográfica e a força de mordida molar máxima de indivíduos diagnosticados com osteoporose na região maxilar e mandibular, visto que os hábitos e condições que provocam o desenvolvimento de uma perda óssea generalizada no esqueleto, inclusive no esqueleto facial, podem causar distúrbios na harmonia funcional do sistema mastigatório. Vinte e sete indivíduos portadores de osteoporose na mandíbula e maxila e 27 voluntários sem a doença participaram deste estudo. Um eletromiógrafo de 5 canais foi utilizado. A avaliação da atividade muscular foi realizada por meio de registros eletromiográficos da musculatura mastigatória (músculos masseter e temporal, bilateralmente) durante as seguintes condições clínicas: Repouso (5 s); Lateralidades direita e esquerda (5 s); Protrusão (5 s); Apertamento dental máximo com parafilme (4 s) e a contração voluntária máxima (4 s), sendo que esta condição clínica foi utilizada como fator de normalização dos dados da amostra. Verificou-se que os indivíduos com osteoporose apresentaram maior atividade eletromiográfica durante a manutenção das condições posturais da mandíbula e menor atividade durante o apertamento dental e na obtenção da força de mordida molar máxima. Conclui-se que a osteoporose na região dos ossos da face pode interferir nos padrões de ativação da musculatura mastigatória e na força de mordida máxima do sistema estomatognático.

Querubismo: relato de caso e revisão da literatura com aspectos imaginológicos / Cherubism: case report and review of the literature and imaging findings

Querubismo é uma doença óssea hereditária não neoplásica caracterizada, clinicamente, por aumento indolor bilateral da mandíbula e maxilar em crianças, produzindo uma aparência querubínica. Pode ocorrer em casos isolados ou em membros de uma mesma família. Relatamos o caso de querubismo em uma menina sem história familiar, com lesões osteolíticas expansivas na mandíbula e maxila demonstradas em exames radiológicos.

Granuloma reparador de células gigantes tipo periférico: presentación de un caso, revisión de la experiencia del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría en 10 años y revisión de la literatura / Giant cell reparative peripherical granuloma: a case report, review of experience at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría in 10 years and review of the literature

Se presenta un caso de granuloma reparador de células gigantes tipo periférico atendido en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología cuyos síntomas y signos cardinales fueron: epistaxis moderada, disfagia, congestión nasal, aumento de volumen en surco nasogenario derecho y tumoración redonda en fosa nasal derecha. Se presenta la casuística de 10 años de experiencia en forma retrospectiva de 1985 a 1995 en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), así como revisión de la literatura en relación al tema